Isoprenoids: Small Molecules, Big Impact
Isoprenoids
Isoprenoids, also known as terpenoids, are natural compounds such as terpenes, sesquiterpenes, limonoids, ubiquinone, menthol, and camphor. They are found in plants and animals and play a role in the physiological processes of both. These roles range from colors and aromas, to vitamins and essential reproductive hormones(1). In general, isoprenoids are beneficial to reduce appetite, stress, anxiety, and to support digestion. Limonene is one of the most common terpenes present in aromatic plants and fruits, responsible for the lemon-like flavor and aroma. Myrcene is the active sedating principle of hops and lemongrass.
Here are some of the key benefits of Isoprenoids:
- Exhibit antioxidant potential
- Effective in Alzheimer’s disease
- Promote sleep time
- Help with pain relief
- Antibacterial
- Sedative Properties
Phytochemical | Food Sources | Part of the Plant | Benefits for Human Health |
Isoprenoids | |||
Limonene | Lemon, lime, orange | Oil of orange | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-stress properties, as well as a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer’s disease |
Myrcene | Mango, guava, thyme, parsley, bay leaves, lemongrass, cardamom, sweet basil, juniper | Essential oil extract of lemongrass, juniper, cardamom | Anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties |
Pinene | Cannabis, turpentine tree, ironwort, sage plant | Oil of cannabis, ironwort, and sage plants | Antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties |
Note: Adapted from: Kumar A, P N, Kumar M, Jose A, Tomer V, Oz E, Proestos C, Zeng M, Elobeid T, K S, Oz F. Major Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Health Benefits and Extraction Method. Molecules. 2023 Jan 16;28(2):887. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020887. PMID: 36677944; PMCID: PMC9862941.
Sources:
- Eastman, R. H., & Kluger, R. H. (2018, April 11). Isoprenoid. Chemical compound. Brittanica. Retrieved September 14, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/science/isoprenoid
